Alle artikler og links er fra:
http://www.eftuniverse.com/research-and-studies/eft-research
Anxiety
- EFT to reduce the side effects associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor use in women with breast cancer: A service evaluation
- Tapping for PEAS: EFT in reducing Presentation Expression Anxiety Syndrome (PEAS) in University students
- Efficacy of EFT in Reducing Public Speaking Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Pain, Depression, and Anxiety after PTSD Symptom Remediation in Veterans
- The Effect of Progressive Muscular Relaxation and EFT on Test Anxiety in High School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Tapping for Success: A Pilot Study to Explore if EFT can Reduce Anxiety and Enhance Academic Performance in University Students
- Is EFT Generalizable? Comparing Effects in Sport Science Students Versus Complementary Therapy Students
- The Effect of a Brief EFT Self-Intervention on Anxiety, Depression, Pain and Cravings in Healthcare Workers
- Pilot Study of EFT, WHEE and CBT for Treatment of Test Anxiety in University Students
- Psychological Symptom Change After Group Application of EFT
- Psychological and Physiological Symptoms of Psoriasis After Group EFT (S)
- Psychological Symptom Change in Veterans After Six Sessions of EFT: An Observational Study
- Reducing Anxiety in Dental Patients Using EFT: A Pilot Study
- Self-administered EFT in Individuals with Fibromyalgia: a Randomized Trial (S)
- Can EFT be effective in the treatment of emotional conditions? Results of a Service Evaluation in Sandwell
- Case Series of Panic Disorder Patients Treated with Oriental Medical Treatments and EFT
- Assessment of EFT: An Alternative Treatment for Fear
- Can Matrix Reimprinting Be Effective in the Treatment of Emotional Conditions in a Public Health Setting? Results of a U.K. Pilot Study
- Methodological Problems in Waite & Holder (2003) Preclude Meaningful Interpretations About EFT
- The Effectiveness of EFT for Optimal Test Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- The Effects of EFT on Long-term Psychological Symptoms
- The Treatment of Combat Trauma in Veterans Using EFT (S)
Athletic Performance
- The Effect of EFT on Athletic Performance: A Randomized Controlled Blind Trial
- The Effect of EFT on Soccer Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- A Re-Examination of Church’s (2009) Study into the Effects of EFT on Basketball Free-Throw Performance
- Preliminary evidence for the treatment of type I ‘yips’: The efficacy of the EFT
- Sports Confidence and Critical Incident Intensity After a Brief Application of EFT: A Pilot Study
Depression
- Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) to reduce the side effects associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor use in women with breast cancer: A service evaluation
- Brief Group Intervention Using EFT for Depression in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Pain, Depression, and Anxiety after Remediation of PTSD Symptoms in Veterans
- Can EFT be effective in the treatment of emotional conditions? Results of a service evaluation in Sandwell
- Is Acupoint Stimulation an Active Ingredient in Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)? A Controlled Trial of Teacher Burnout
- Depression symptoms improve after successful weight loss with EFT: A randomized controlled trial
- The Effect of a Brief EFT Self-Intervention on Anxiety, Depression, Pain and Cravings in Healthcare Workers
- Psychological and Physiological Symptoms of Psoriasis After Group EFT (S)
- Psychological Symptom Change After Group Application of EFT
- Psychological Symptom Change in Veterans After Six Sessions of EFT: An Observational Study
- Self-administered EFT in Individuals with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Trial (S)
- The Effects of EFT on Long-term Psychological Symptoms
- The Treatment of Combat Trauma in Veterans Using EFT (S)
- A feasibility study: EFT for depression in Australian adults
Pain & Physical Symptoms
- Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Effects on Psychoimmunological Factors of Chemically Pulmonary Injured Veterans
- Effects of EFT on the reduction of chronic pain in adults: A pilot study
- EFT to reduce the side effects associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor use in women with breast cancer: A service evaluation
- TBI Symptoms Improve After PTSD Remediation With Emotional Freedom Techniques
- Effect of EFT on Perceived Stress, Quality of Life, and Cortisol Salivary Levels in Tension-Type Headache Sufferers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Self-administered EFT in Individuals with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Trial
- EFT as an Effective Adjunctive Treatment in the Neurotherapeutic Treatment of Seizure Disorders
- The Treatment of Combat Trauma in Veterans using EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques): A Pilot Protocol
- Can Matrix Reimprinting Be Effective in the Treatment of Emotional Conditions in a Public Health Setting? Results of a U.K. Pilot Study
- Neurophysiological Indicators of EFT Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Stress
- Pain, Depression, and Anxiety after PTSD Symptom Remediation in Veterans
- Psychological and Physiological Symptoms of Psoriasis After Group EFT
- The Effect of a Brief EFT Self-Intervention on Anxiety, Depression, Pain and Cravings in Healthcare Workers
Phobias
- Evaluation of a Meridian-Based Intervention, EFT, for Reducing Specific Phobias of Small Animals
- EFT Reduces Intense Fears: A Partial Replication and Extension of Wells et al. (2003)
- The Immediate Effect of a Brief Energy Psychology Intervention (EFT) on Specific Phobias: A Pilot Study
PTSD
- A Controlled Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Two Psychological Therapies for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: EMDR vs. EFT
- Psychological Trauma Symptom Improvement in Veterans Using EFT: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- CAM and energy psychology techniques remediate PTSD symptoms in veterans and spouses
- Efficacy of Two Evidence-Based Therapies, EFT and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), for the Treatment of Gender Violence in the Congo: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Effects of Integrative PTSD Treatment in a Military Health Setting
- Single Session Reduction of the Intensity of Traumatic Memories in Abused Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Efficacy of EFT Provided by Coaches vs. Licensed Therapists in Veterans with PTSD
- Neurophysiological Indicators of EFT Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Stress
- Post-Earthquake Rehabilitation of Clinical PTSD in Haitian Seminarians
- The Impact of EFT and Matrix Reimprinting on the Civilian Survivors of War in Bosnia: A Pilot Study
- Psychological Symptom Change in Veterans After Six Sessions of EFT: An Observational Study
- Six Trauma Imprints Treated with Combination Intervention: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Thought Field Therapy (TFT) or EFT
- Telephone Delivery of EFT Remediates PTSD Symptoms in Veterans
- The Treatment of Combat Trauma in Veterans Using EFT
- Psychological Intervention Including Emotional Freedom Techniques for an Adult with Motor Vehicle Accident Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study
Weight Loss, Cravings & Addiction
- Food for thought: A randomized controlled trial of EFT and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of food cravings
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Meridian-Based Intervention for Food Cravings with Six Month Follow-up
- Clinical Benefits of EFT on Food Cravings at 12-Months Follow-up: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- A randomized clinical pilot trial: Does EFT impact eating habits in 14 to 15 year olds, as well as self-esteem, self-compassion, and psychological distress?
- The Effect of a Brief EFT Self-Intervention on Anxiety, Depression, Pain and Cravings in Healthcare Workers
- The Effect of EFT on Psychological Symptoms in Addiction Treatment: A Pilot Study
- Quitting Smoking: How to Use Emotional Freedom Techniques
- Practical Application of Emotional Freedom Techniques for Food Cravings
- The Effect of EFT on Students’ Video Game Addiction
Clinical Reports
Clinical Reports describe the use of EFT with various groups, e.g. university students, prisoners, refugees, or abused children. They may contain quantitative data, e.g. scores on symptom assessments, or they may describe the ways in which practitioners can work with this population.
- Energy Psychology-Practices and Theories of New Combinations of Psychotherapy
- EFT – Sage Handbook of Counseling and Psychotherapy
- Application of Emotional Freedom Techniques
- Change Is Possible: EFT with Life-Sentence and Veteran Prisoners at San Quentin State Prison
- EFT: A Safe Treatment Intervention for many Trauma Based Issues
- Emotional Acupuncture—Nursing Standard
- Energy Psychology and Psychotherapy: A Study of the Use of Energy Psychology in Psychotherapy Practice
- Qualitative Analysis of the Influence of an EFT Group Treatment Program for Suppressed Anger Patients
- Clinical Story of a 6-Year-Old Boy’s Eating Phobia: An Integrated Approach
- EFT For Traumatic Brain Injury
- Treating Trauma Using Shamanic and Non-local Methods: Theory, Mechanisms, and Relevance to Current Clinical Practice
- EFT: The Practicing Midwife
- EFT: Energy psychology integration in the workplace setting
- Energy Psychology Treatment for Orphan Heads of Households in Rwanda: An Observational Study
- Energy Psychology Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress in Genocide Survivors in a Rwandan Orphanage: A Pilot Investigation
- Integrating Energy Psychology into Treatment for Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
- Preliminary evidence for the treatment of type I ‘yips’: The efficacy of the Emotional Freedom Techniques
- Single Session EFT for Stress-Related Symptoms After Motor Vehicle Accidents
- Six Trauma Imprints Treated with Combination Intervention: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Thought Field Therapy (TFT) or EFT
- Psychological Intervention Including Emotional Freedom Techniques for an Adult with Motor Vehicle Accident Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study
- A Case Report of Schizophreniform Disorder treated by Oriental Medical Treatment and EFT
- Effect of EFT on Teacher Burnout
- A Case Report of a Somatization Disorder Patient with Histrionic Personality Disorder
- A Case Report of a Patient with Heart and Gall Bladder Somatization Disorder Induced by Stress
- A Case Study of Tourette’s Syndrome with Adjunct Neurofeedback Treatment
- Veterans: Finding their way home with EFT
- Working With Military Service Members and Veterans: A Field Report of Obstacles and Opportunities
- Effect of Trance Techniques on Emotion and Pain: Utilizing NLP and EFT
Mechanisms Papers
The “mechanisms of action” for a technique such as EFT describe what is happening in the body during application of the technique. These papers describe the neurological, epigenetic, psychoneuroimmunological, and hormonal pathways that are believed to be active during EFT sessions.
- The Effect of EFT on Stress Biochemistry: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Neurophysiological Indicators of EFT Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress
- Modulating Gene Expression through Psychotherapy: The Contribution of Non-Invasive Somatic Interventions
- Taming the amygdala: An EEG analysis of exposure therapy for the traumatized
- EFT as an Effective Adjunctive Treatment in the Neurotherapeutic Treatment of Seizure Disorders
- Is Acupoint Tapping an Active Ingredient or an Inert Placebo in Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)? A Randomized Controlled Dismantling Study
- Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) for Stress in Students: A Randomized Controlled Dismantling Study
- Energy Healing at the Frontier of Genomics
- How EFT may be utilizing memory reconsolidation mechanisms for therapeutic change in neuropsychiatric disorders such as PTSD and phobia: A proposed model
- Energy Psychology in Rehabilitation: Origins, Clinical Applications, and Theory
- Evidence and Potential Mechanisms for Mindfulness Practices and Energy Psychology for Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder
- The Dream to Freedom Technique, a Methodology for Integrating the Complementary Therapies of Energy Psychology and Dreamwork
Review Articles & Meta-Analyses
Review articles gather all the evidence for a method, such as EFT, or a condition, such as phobias, PTSD, or pain. They review the studies that have been completed, and draw general conclusions about the characteristics of the method. A number of review articles of EFT and/or Energy Psychology have been published in peer-reviewed journals in recent years:
- Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: The Challenge of Evaluating Clinical Innovations
- Acupoint Stimulation in Treating Psychological Disorders: Evidence of Efficacy
- Clinical EFT as an Evidence-Based Practice for the Treatment of Psychological and Physiological Conditions
- The efficacy of acupoint stimulation in the treatment of psychological distress: A meta-analysis
- Stress Management Techniques: Evidence-based Procedures that Reduce Stress and Promote Health
- Trends in Meridian-based Psychotherapy—A Review of Research on EFT
- Clinical EFT as Single Session Therapy: Cases, Research, Indications, and Cautions
- Efficacy of Fifteen Emerging Interventions for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
- Application of Emotional Freedom Techniques
- The Psychobiology and Clinical Principles of Energy Psychology Treatments for PTSD
- A Review of Select CAM Modalities for the Prevention and Treatment of PTSD
- Controversies in Energy Psychology
- Attachment and Energy Psychology: Explorations at the interface of bodily, mental, relational, and transpersonal aspects of human behavior and experience
- Energy Psychology: A Review of the Preliminary Evidence
- Oriental Medical Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Model of Oriental Medicine for Disaster Mental Health
- Energy Psychology in Rehabilitation: Origins, Clinical Applications, and Theory
- Energy Psychology – New Jersey Psychologist
- Energy Psychology: Time for a Second Look
- Energy Psychology-Practices and Theories of New Combinations of Psychotherapy
- Evidence and Potential Mechanisms for Mindfulness Practices and Energy Psychology for Obesity and Binge-Eating Disorder
- Theoretical and Methodological Problems in Research on EFT and Other Meridian Based Therapies
- Thought Field Therapy and its Derivatives: Rapid Relief of Mental Health Problems through Tapping on the Body
- Your DNA is Not Your Destiny: Behavioral Epigenetics and the Role of Emotions in Health
- EFT for Freedom of Mind and Body: A Review
Skeptical and Opposing Viewpoints
There are many professionals who reject EFT categorically and sometimes vehemently; one prominent opponent calls EFT and similar methods “possible threats to the science of psychiatry and psychology” (Devilly, 2005). Skeptics and opponents discount the above research and argue that the effects of EFT are due to placebo, the nonspecific gains found in any form of therapy, and other factors.
The Wikipedia entry for EFT and most other forms of non-drug alternative therapy are tightly controlled by a group of skeptics who state that these methods possess the characteristics of “pseudoscience.” These Wikipedia editors feature newspaper reports, opinion pieces and review articles attacking the method in the entry for EFT, but censor the posting of any of the more than 100 outcome studies, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and review papers supporting the method.
The opposition to EFT is understandable. EFTs combination of Western psychotherapy and acupuncture is controversial. Any new therapy faces an uphill journey to acceptance, since research funding goes to established methods, while a large body of existing professionals are trained in and familiar with these methods.
This results in a “translational gap,” a very long lag between the discovery of effective new therapies, and their implementation in primary care. According to a US government analysis, the translational gap averages 17 years (Institute of Medicine, 2001). Only 20% of new therapies succeed in crossing what the report calls a “quality chasm”; the benefits of the remaining 80% are forever lost to patients.
While the skeptics are successful in blocking the majority of new treatments, it is our goal to see the millions of people suffering from devastating conditions such as PTSD and major depression having EFT as an option in primary care.
Below is a selection of articles published in peer-reviewed journals that criticize EFT. You can decide on their merits for yourself.
- Power Therapies and possible threats to the science of psychology and psychiatry
- The current status of energy psychology: Extraordinary claims with less than ordinary evidence
- Tapping their patients’ problems away? Characteristics of psychotherapists using energy meridian techniques
- A Bigger Swamp is Still a Swamp: Comments on Feinstein (2014)
Rebuttals to Critics
- Critical Thinking in the Energy Therapies: Comments on Gaudiano et al. (2012)
- Comment on “The Current Status of Energy Psychology”: Growing Evidence for Extraordinary Claims
- Calling an Avalanche a Swamp: Comments on Bakker (2014)
Studies Presented at Professional Conferences or Informally Presented
These studies have been presented at professional conferences, or informally presented such as in books. They have not been peer reviewed and are thus not to be relied on for the empirical rigor that the review process brings. They should be regarded as suggestive only.
Studies Presented at Professional Conferences
- Measuring Physiological Markers of Emotional Trauma: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mind-Body Therapies
- The Neurological Foundations of Energy Psychology: Brain Scan Changes During 4 Weeks of Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- World Trade Center Tower 2 Survivor: EP Treatment of Long-term PTSD: A Case Study
Informal and Unpublished Research
- An exploration of the experiences of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) practitioners
- The Effect of an Energy Psychology Intervention (EFT) on Specific Phobias
- Biological and Psychological Measurement of EFT for Depression: A Case Study
- EFT for Libido: 80% Report an Improvement of 50% or More
- EFT Improves Minerals, Amino Acids & Vitamins
- Emotional Improvements with Student Athletes in 4 Weekly EFT Sessions
- Emotions Affect Red Blood Cells
- Eyesight Improvement after Clearing Emotional Issues